Women in the 1900 Compaerd to Now free essay sample

Which Is plainly what I have done in my banner. - with the content that is in the focal point of the page, I have utilized red since it stands out very well from the bluntness of the high contrast. The shading pictures are in shading since it shows the later existences of ladies. Look a large portion of the pictures in the primary picture on the privilege have looks of interest. I have picked these in light of the fact that they are standing up to. Though two of the pictures on the left side have a look of â€Å"offer†. A look offer is substantially less going up against. The look of offer in these pictures shows less force and accommodation. Where as in the other appearance of pictures a considerable lot of the look show force and opportunity. The look of the picture in the middle is additionally request. She is taking a gander at the crowd. Camera Angles-there are a wide range of camera edges in this picture. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ladies in the 1900 Compaerd to Now or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page On the left side the majority of the edges are higher than level. This gives the subject; being the working ladies a degree of accommodation and minority. The pictures on the privilege have distinctive camera edges. A large number of them are from a low or a center edge. The low and give the subject force and show that they have picked up power.The center perspectives are very standing up to. For example, (point). The picture in the inside is the most defying picture on the page. This is on the grounds that it is somewhat lower than center shot. this gives her a great deal of intensity. Apparel in the picture on the left all ladies are wearing nearly the equivalent clother though in the correct picture the ladies are wearing a scope of attire contingent upon their occupation. Non-verbal communication there is a great deal of non-verbal communication in my banner. On the left side all the ladies have the saem kind of body language.This is worn out and worked out. Escpeccially the lady in the base left picture. To show this was a piece of day by day life she is grinning. On the left picture there is a huge scope of non-verbal communication some show authority, for example, (pont) others demonstrating caught up with working, for example, (point). The most grounded non-verbal communication in my banner is appeared by the lady in the focal point of the page. Hello non-verbal communication is extremely solid and confirmed. Hello non-verbal communication says â€Å"we don’t care what you figure, we can do what we like† I will talk aboiut the significance of the picture laater.Juxtaposition-In my banner the fundamental procedure ive utilized is juxtaposition. I have compared the past work alternatives for ladies with employments choices for ladies now. Them primary juxtaposition is the high contrast. Sybolism-American ladies have for some time been gripped by Geraldine Doyle, yet not many of us even knew her name. Doyle, who kicked the bucket a week ago, was believed to be the model for Rosie the Riveter †the notable picture of a bandanna-clad lady bearing a bicep that came to speak to female quality and woman's rights in the United States.Big symbol is â€Å"rosie the riveter† Rosie the Riveter is a social symbol of the United States, speaking to the American ladies who worked in production lines during World War II, a considerable lot of whom worked in the assembling plants that created weapons and war supplies. These ladies now and again took totally new openings supplanting the male laborers who were in the military. Rosie the Riveter is ordinarily utilized as image of woman's rights and womens monetary force

The Annunciation: A Painting by Francisco de Zurbaran :: Essays Papers

The Annunciation: A Painting by Francisco de Zurbaran Show-stoppers can best be acknowledged when the components of plan, the standards of structure, and the iconography of the work are watched and comprehended. The Annunciation, an artwork by the Spanish craftsman Francisco de Zurbaran, is a gem that consolidates both the components and standards of structure. The iconography of the work of art is vital just as its stylish quality. The capacity to make an image of The Annunciation in one’s brain is a key factor in understanding the examination of the work. Francisco de Zurbaran approaches the artistic creation with a naturalistic style. The work of art includes a room wherein a lady †like heavenly attendant is seen at the left bowing on the ground before the Virgin Mary. The figure of Mary is set between a seat and a little wooden table hung with a green material. Mary dismisses an open Bible on the table, as she seems serious while gazing at the floor. Gliding over the two principle figures in the upper left half of the work of art are seraphs laying on a bed of mists. They joyfully look down at Mary with eyes from Heaven. The Annunciation utilizes components of configuration to make an outwardly satisfying picture. The visual components comprise of light, shading, surface, shape, and line. The utilization of light is one of the most apparent components in this canvas. The wellspring of light isn't straightforwardly obvious in the canvas, however shows up as a brilliant radiant host gliding over the two fundamental figures. Light underscores the light complexion of the Angel and Mary as the two of them look down towards a shadowy floor. Light additionally mirrors the open Bible on the table recommending accentuation on the heavenliness of Mary. The remainder of the room remains frightfully dim and dull. Shading is utilized to cause to notice significant characters and items in the artwork. The red of Mary’s shirt underscores her place as the primary figure. A brilliant, yellow cloud skimming over the room represents the delight of the heavenly figures. De Zurbaran utilizes warm hues in the forefront. The room, utilized as the foundation for the scene, is painted in dull hues using various tints of dark and earthy colored. A spectator can likewise acquire a feeling of surface in this work of art.

Remarkable Business Lessons from Billionaires That Can Add Value to Your Life

Remarkable Business Lessons from Billionaires That Can Add Value to Your Life Inspiration is powerful. Inspiration is actionable advice.If success has been avoiding you, it’s quite easy to give in to defeat. But guess what? what if we were to tell you that every successful person that you’ve ever idolized has gone through the same route as you except when the bridge of defeat showed up, they cut across and made it to the other side.The other side of the bridge is filled with success, wealth, fame, wisdom, and knowledge. Are you ready to forgo all these things just because you are unable to overcome your current situation? Billionaires have shared their success stories, and therefore make excellent role models for young and upcoming entrepreneurs looking for the right bit of motivation to get them that competitive edge. THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A ROLE MODEL IN OUR LIVESImagine being able to walk down a road when you’ve just fractured your leg. Impossible, isn’t it? Now, try walking with a pair of crutches on either side of you. Suddenly, the impossible walk doesn’t look so hard to achieve. Similarly, our mental state depletes itself of positive energy and is unable to think out of a difficult situation. In these times, a role model becomes the crutches to our mind and help us achieve our goals without quitting. A role model is somebody we can look up to and emulate their success. We try and understand how they managed to get past from a difficult situation and make a blueprint of their life as our own to replicate. In this way, finding success isn’t far away.Every Successful Person Has Their Own Role ModelWhen we were kids, we would look at our moms cook and when they weren’t around, our naughty hands would reach for the kitchen knife and try to recreate the dish while making a mess in the kitchen. As humans, we’ve all considered our parents as our role models while growing up. Likewise, when we grow up we look up to successful figures that achieved fame, success, and wealth such as Oprah Winfrey and Bill Gates as our role models.Every role model has their own role model and so forth. Let’s take Bill Gates, for example, a report mentioned Mr. Gates referring to Warren Buffett as an influential figure in his life and how he clarified his business vision while using Warren Buffet’s decision-making process. That’s right! Every successful person has their own role model, even Warren Buffett had his own role model â€" Benjamin Graham, his mentor. Do you see where we are going with this? There’s a pattern with successful people and how they emulate their role models into achieving their goals. Learn from their Mistakes Even successful people make mistakes early in their careers. Take Warren Buffet for example, in the early 1960s, Mr. Buffet invested an undisclosed amount in a textile business that he famously termed as a “$200 billion-dollar blunder”. He stated that this decision was the worst decision of his life and had he invested in any good insurance company at the time, it would have been “worth twice the value”.But this mistake alone didn’t stop Mr. Buffet from becoming one of the wealthiest people in the world. In fact, trial and error is part of life. Without investing in different stocks, he wouldn’t have understood how to streamline his stock options and hence, wouldn’t have tasted the same level of success as today.Another famous name, Richard Branson of Virgin Group launched a series of brands that didn’t really live up to the mark. Virgin Cola was launched to compete with Coca-Coca and it fell flat on its face. Next, he came up with Virgin Cosmetics which primarily focused on beauty products, and homeware, it was sold after a commercial failure. Branson also dabbled in wedding products and automobiles but even these brands were soon a marketing disaster in terms of revenue growth. While it’s easy for us to assume that the richest of the rich have lived perfect lives and have made the perfect choices during their careers, the truth is much furth er away than you think. The more successful you are, the more the pressure of living up to these expectations and hence, a higher chance of failure. Become the Best Version of Yourself“You are what you are today because of the choices you made yesterday, and the choices you make today will make you what you are tomorrow.”    â€" Michael JosephsonThe biggest enemy that stops us from achieving success and chasing our goals is ourselves. We usually prefer shortcuts instead of learning the process, we prefer self-destruction to self-preservation, and we certainly like to put off things for tomorrow instead of doing them today. All these negative thoughts hinder us from achieving the best form of ourselves that we aim to be in the future. To change this negative idea into a positive one, we need to start at the very core of our thoughts. Let’s start with a simple self-improvement exercise by understanding yourself. First, get yourself a voice recorder, you can use your phone if you like. Now, glance through the questions below and speak into your tape recorder in an orderly fashion. Ensure the answers are well-detailed, don’t worry about stammering or being perfect, just concentrate on your thoughts. If it helps you can keep your eyes closed to visualize your answers. Let’s begin!1. What’s the most important thing in the whole world to me? 2. Is it worth changing myself into a better version of me to achieve this important vision?3. What prevents me from achieving this dream? 4. Is there anyone out there that can help me achieve this dream?5. What would life be like without achieving this dream?6. What kind of life would I lead if this dream is achieved?7. What scares me the most about myself?8. What is my strongest feature?9. On a scale of 1-10, how committed am I to achieving this dream?10. Am I willing to accept guidance for self-improvement if given the option?By recording your answers, you create an audible version of your thoughts for replayabilit y. Play this recording every day when you wake up and remind yourself of your life’s goals and why you need to be focused for the rest of the day. We promise in a month’s time, you’ll begin to witness a drastic self-improvement. While many people aren’t comfortable in hearing their own voice, this exercise aims to bring out the answers that you aren’t going to share with anyone but yourself. These hidden thoughts are the reason you are blocking your mind and passion from communicating with each other. Whether the reasons are jealousy, envy, greed, anger, laziness, etc. the answers are clear to you.  Motivate Yourself to Overcome FailureA study conducted by Adam McCaffrey on “how fear of failure affects individuals” brought out stunning results. As previously believed, the study proved that there was a strong link between people who feared failure and those that procrastinated a lot during the day. Another hypothesis that Adam revealed in this study was the fact that pe ople with low energy levels had no reason to try further beyond giving up and facing defeat against failure. Many of the statistics were collected from college students belonging to undergraduates and graduate levels. This study proves that fear of failure is planted right from an academic level and that every year students come out of universities without the right mindset to guide them into being self-determined individuals. So how do we change this negative mindset when we step out of our colleges thinking of ourselves as incompetent individuals? Simple, we should aim to reflect on the lives of successful people and try to mirror their qualities. We must know that every successful person has had a long journey and at the start of that journey, they were exactly in our shoes â€" young and incompetent. With this thought, we can begin to feel relieved that we too can achieve success and there’s nothing to stop us from heading in the same successful direction as our role models. To begin with, here are a few ground rules you should follow.Don’t try to please everyone, it’s alright to be disliked but it’s more important that you believe in yourselfDon’t attack others with a different opinion than yourself, your idea isn’t the absolute truth and shouldn’t be treated like oneIf you feel like a “doormat” with your present group of friends. Stop hanging out with them and choose a positive group to hang out withAlways speak your mind out, no matter how uncomfortable you are. It’s great to be a “yes-man”, but occasionally do say “No” when you feel the need toDon’t put off something for tomorrow what can be done today. Remember, for every minute you waste, someone else in the world is doing something productive in that same timeframe. Time is money.Nice people don’t always have to finish first. But society prefers a humble “runner-up” than a selfish winner.INVALUABLE BUSINESS LESSONS FROM BILLIONAIRES THEMSELVES1. Good Things Come to Those Who Wait â€" Amancio Ortega (Zara)As far as retail shops go, Amancio Ortega is the wealthiest retailer in the world with a famous retail brand that’s popular the world over â€" Zara. Ortega had his humble beginnings when he started delivering packages for a local clothing store and from there on he went on to become the owner of the biggest fashion empire in the world. It’s time to stop and ask yourself a few questions â€" Did Ortega become a billionaire because he was fortunate to find work early on? Or did he have a set of rules that he followed that made him what he’s today? While a lot of people believe in lady luck’s touch having her way with billionaires and their fortunes. It’s quite further than the actual truth. Here are 5 life lessons shared by the fashion baron himself. Even Introverts are liable to become billionairesIf you thought you need to socialize with people and get out more often to get rich, think again. Ortega had famously stated, “You must a ppear three times in the local newspaper â€" when you’re born, when you’re married, and when you die.” He doesn’t spend time with the press as often as you’d expect a billionaire to. Ortega demonstrates that to succeed you don’t have to be a social person. Never forget your rootsIf you were a billionaire, which part of the world would you like to be in? Rome, Greece, Switzerland, Mauritius, etc.? Ortega has stayed in the same hometown for a long time â€" A Coruña, Galicia which is in Spain. To think the man has it made in every aspect of his life and still chooses to never leave his hometown. In fact, his empire was built in this very place with his first shop being opened in the city and he has stuck to his roots even to this day.Never too lateIf you thought you were trudging through your 30’s and the end of life is just ahead, think again. Ortega was 40 when he founded Zara. Let that sink in for a little bit. If you think dreams of being a billionaire were only rese rved to the twenty-something youngsters and that the rest of us in our thirties and forties should retire, Ortega is here to show us the way that life isn’t “lights out” till the old lady sings it. Good things come to those who waitYou really didn’t think that Ortega founded Zara and the next morning he was rolling in a billion dollars, did you? It took him a whole decade for Ortega to start the primary holding company of Zara â€" Inditex. It was then he opened his very first shop. With patience comes success. Take a step back and look at what you can do. Don’t rush through life and make hasty decisions. A single thoughtful decision will lead you to success over 100 rushed decisions.Remain humbleWhile it may sound like a cliché, Ortega believed success came to those that were humble. Ortega continues to dine at the same coffee shop that he used to years ago. He has a moderate dressing sense for a fashion conglomerate. He believes that humility helps with dealing with anxi ety and to become better visionaries for his workers. It’s not wrong to show off your wealth or to flash your expensive car in public, but when it’s time to work, it’s important to have self-control and be willing to assist others.2. Failure and Mistakes Are Very Valuable â€" Bill Gates (Microsoft)Bill Gates held the title of the world’s richest man from 1995 to 2017. He was the undisputed king of all billionaires for more than 2 decades. Most of his wealth was made from his famous operating system â€"MS-DOS which went to be named as the famed Windows in 1985 that changed the way the world saw personal computing. Here are 5 life lessons from the genius billionaire himself. Feed your mind knowledgeGates believed in the power of books and even though he was a computer software entrepreneur, he rarely used electronic devices in his home and would immerse himself in reading. He believed that reading would open a world of creativity and through creativity, you can inspire yoursel f to build something that’s truly special to you. Be DisciplinedThe modern world prefers instant gratification instead of coming up with a disciplined approach. We prefer to munch on junk food because it’s easy to acquire, we prefer to sit on our couches and watch television for hours on end, we even prefer to create shortcuts to our problems instead of finding a solution for them. Gates recommends inviting discipline in our lives â€" replace junk food with healthy food, replace hours of couch surfing with innovative thinking and we’ll eventually find our success. Give back to the worldBeing the richest man on the planet, you’d think Gates would have shunned away from philanthropy. The truth is quite the opposite. Gates and his wife, Melinda have given away more than $30 billion in charity to the “Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation”. He actively takes part in traveling the world and launching various eco-friendly projects to sustain the planet. He fully believes in the fu ture of tomorrow and consistently gives back to society what he gained from it. In part, we must do our best to give back to the planet as much as we profit from it.Be your own bossYou either work to plant a sapling in someone else’s farm or you plant it in your own backyard. In the end, the only difference is the fact that the tree in the other person’s farm will always be his property but the one growing in your backyard will be your special creation. Taking control of your own company is a risk but Gates achieved it when he was just 13. Do you still feel a 13-year-old had a less risky path than your adult self?Be kind to nerdsThe nerd that you laughed at in school can turn out to be the richest man in the world. Gates is the living proof of this example. Think again when you think you’re superior to someone else just, by the way, they act and behave. It’s not nice to profile someone under your own opinion and cause them distress by your hurtful words. Always be kind to pe ople.3. Stop Stopping Yourself â€" Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook)Mark Zuckerberg in his teenage days was no different from your average geek, except this “ambitious” geek had a vision. A goal to connect the world in a way that would forever revolutionize the way we interact with each other. Today, Facebook is more than a social-media platform. It’s a way of life. Before we brush our teeth in the morning, we are checking our notification bar. Before we shut our eyes for a good night’s rest, we take one good last peak for any missed messages from our friends. To start a platform such as this, Zuckerberg surely followed a strict set of rules to achieve his dream. Let’s look at them.You are as strong as the team with youFacebook might have been Mark Zuckerberg’s brainchild but it’s the good people that work in Facebook’s offices that we get to enjoy a seamless product. Mark Zuckerberg fully credits his team for his successful business model. To achieve success, we need to pu ll together a team that believes in our vision and is willing to sacrifice what it takes to achieve it. Remember the famous phrase â€" “United we stand, divided we fall.”Be the CEO and proclaim itEvery single decision taken by Mark’s team goes through him before it gets executed, no matter how small.Take charge of the entrepreneur in you and realize your dream, this isn’t a children’s race. Show your team that you’re the boss around and don’t let them control the interests of the company. If you have firm beliefs and you believe some of your employees don’t share it. It’s time to let them go. There’s no place for freeloaders on a train that’s scheduled to run on purpose. Don’t be fazed by negative opinionsBefore Mark Zuckerberg was famous, he was rejected by a girl and this rejection played a major role in his creation of “Facebook”.Your ability to think differently is the reason you are you. If you were to copy another person’s opinion, you reflect the other person’s dream. Don’t be scared to come out with ideas that may shock your colleagues and peers. The best part about being unique is that you’ll initially be rejected but when they see your success, they’ll gather around you like puppets. Go big or go home The ideas that come to you are only as big as your goals are. If you set the goals to reach the peak of a mountain, you’ll have reached the mountain. If you set the goal to reach the moon, you may one day find yourself strapped on a spaceship. Similarly, when Mark was first asked to reveal his end game goal, he said “connecting the entire world”. This statement made his friends smirk out of surprise. Today, Mark Zuckerberg has connected about 1/3rd of the planet.4. Forget Perfection â€" Eike Batista (EBX Group)Compared to the other four billionaires on this list, Eike Batista may not have the recognition that he deserves around the world, but he’s a successful role model, nonetheless. He was listed as the 8t h richest person in the world and possessed a $30 billion net worth. There’s ample amount of knowledge the man has that we’d like to learn. Let’s understand what life lessons make Eike Batista so successful. Be optimistic but more importantly, realisticBatista lost close to 90% of his entire net worth in 2008. It’s almost heart wrenching to know someone could erase that amount of money due to bankruptcy. It makes you wonder if the 8th richest person in the world can find his way back on the roads, what chance do I have on this godforsaken land? Good question. The answer to this is to remain realistic and be grounded. He kept his hopes up and didn’t sell his shares when they began to plummet, he eventually stuck to his stocks and made back his money when the market moved back up.Don’t live on borrowed moneyBatista’s downfall was caused due to a $5 billion debt he owed to other companies.Leverage or loans are convenient ways to recover from our losses. After all, there†™s always a means to pay back the loans, right? Wrong! If you don’t have an active business plan or a means to pay back the interest + principle, you’ll end up living on borrowed money and the interest keeps growing every year. That’s why it’s important to never leverage more than you can handle. In fact, it’s best to live modestly for a while until you can recover your way of living.Need a strong base for your workIf the hull of a ship is weak, it’s bound to sink as soon as it hits the water. It’s always important to strengthen the base of your work or it can be a major disaster. There will be bad days when your business is on the roads, but it takes a true character to be able to recover from that and make your way back up. 5. Fiercely Protect Your Brand â€" Oprah Winfrey (The Oprah Winfrey Show)The only woman on this list and what a life Oprah Winfrey has lived. From being sexually abused as a kid to struggling to make ends meet and finally having her own successful talk show â€" “The Oprah Winfrey Show”.Oprah Winfrey’s story is the type that would make a perfect Hollywood movie. In fact, the script is perfect except this woeful story is proof of how an individual can come out of the worst of conditions and still make it through. The great lady shares some of her life lessons that can truly show us the way out of our miseries.Don’t be afraid to failWhether in life or business, failure is absolute that everyone gets to experience. Oprah failed several times when applying as a tv host. It took her several tries to land a job on a show, which eventually became the “The Oprah Winfrey Show”.Oprah earned $500 dollars for a speech she gave as a kid since then she harbored the dream of wanting to earn a living by speaking to an audience. As fortune would have it, today she is a billionaire and in an industry that she dreamt as a kid. You are responsible for your own lifeIf a kid like Oprah Winfrey could overcome serious issues like sexual assaults and poverty and make it into the spotlight, what’s stopping you from achieving your dream? It doesn’t matter how bad life was in the past, the only answer to this is to look towards the future and make the best you can with what you have. Don’t waste time blaming others for something you weren’t gifted with instead be grateful for the things you’ve been blessed with. Ending bring beginningsEveryone on earth has their own unique story. Every life is precious and has meaning to it. If you think you’ve not achieved any success in your life, it’s time to close the chapter of this book and open a new one of joy and passion. For every end there is a beginning of a new chapter, start yours today, find your inner joy and start something that you always wanted to do. Don’t react â€" RespondWhen Donald Trump sent a nasty tweet to Oprah Winfrey, she didn’t react to it and only responded to herself internally stating “I don’t like giving negativity power.” This statement is so simple yet so powerful. If only we could ignore our naysayers and proceed with our gifted talents. It doesn’t matter what others say about you. In fact, the more negative things others say, the more you must prove to them that they’re wrong but not by words but with your actions.Be graciousIn her Golden Globe speech, she commented on the importance of being gracious and how it helped her achieve her success. When we find ourselves to be victims of pride, it’s necessary to wake up from the illusion and do something about it. Take the first step of demonstrating gratitude to all the loved ones in your life. Start to respect your colleagues in your office and begin to start a life with gratefulness. You never know what you have until you’ve lost it.CLOSING WORDSWe aren’t here forever but the actions that we choose to perform can leave a lasting impression. Billionaires don’t just show us the way to get super-rich, but they also show us the path to a peaceful life even during times of distress. Every billionaire in this list had their own set of pitfalls that they had to face. It’s only during these hardships that their mental state was truly tested to the fullest. We too are being tested in these trying times. It’s important to keep a clear head and come out of all the negativity, unscathed. Remember, to become a billionaire, you first need to be a millionaire. Make sure to add milestones to your goals.

Ideas of Success and Failure Mamet Explores in Glengarry...

Ideas of Success and Failure Mamet Explores in Glengarry Glen Ross Introduction ============ Mamet introduces us into a world of success and failure of salesmen in real estate, which in effect is a microcosm of the reality[MSOffice1] of the U.S.A. He presents a world in which the salesmen are dominated by the fact that they need to close the leads otherwise they lose their jobs. This is a world of corrupt values where people are prepared to tread on others faces in order to help themselves. Their love of money is so great that they become selfish, devious, materialistic and extremely competitive. It especially judges success and failure as if you close (ABC - Always Be Closing) you win a†¦show more content†¦You have to be prepared to stab others in the back and step on their faces in order to benefit yourself. It is about control and domination, if you are in control then you have the power and you are a man. If you are not in control, your not closing and you dont have the right attitude and brass balls, then you are not a man and therefore have no place in rea l estate. An example of this is Shelly Levene, he keeps reverting back to the past when he was closing and he was a good salesman. In effect he is actually conning himself into think he is still good and is still able to close. The truth is he is not a man and not able to close, he is losing his grip and as he is coming bottom of the board he is about to lose his job. He pleads with people and rambles on, he is desperate, this is shown in the first scene where he is pleading with Williamson to give him better leads, I need you help. This quote is degrading him and shows a definite weakness, which proves he is not a man as he is not able to close the leads. He is actually begging Williamson to give him better leads, this is a desperate plea, his last chance. Levene wants pity and charity even though he says he doesnt, he is trying to be macho. Swearing is also to be a man in real estate, each of the salesmen use pejorative language towards

The Positive and Negative Effects of Advertising on...

Advertising is an information source to inform people about the products and new prices of the company which can help them to make informed choices. More recently, huge amount of money has been spent on advertising throughout the world. Different types of advertisement such as television, radio, magazine, newspaper, the internet, billboards and posters can influence consumer’s behavior positively or negatively as there are different arguments and opinions. This essay will focus on the purpose of the advertisement for the company, the positive effects and negative effects of advertisement on consumer behavior. According to Shimp (2007), there are five important factors which determine the purpose of advertisement in terms of marketers’†¦show more content†¦Fennis (2003) indicates that a study in USA shows the duplication of health promotion in television has increased as a main supply of information after gaining the information from health practitioners like doctors. Community health associations has been started to involve television in presenting the health information and the prevention of illness to public in the previous two decades. Diseases such as AIDS, cardiovascular, stroke are the outcome of an unhealthful way of life. In fact, this kind of advertisement has increased the awareness of the consumers regarding health problems. Wallack Dorfman (as cited in Fennis, 2003) revealed that around 31 percent of all advertising was related to health either directly or indirectly which focused on food nutritional value. Fennis (2003) states that mass media can have a direct effect in rising consciousness, obtaining knowledge, change of consumers’ behavior or attitude due to health problems which is unassuming. However, some research has failed to support these findings. Television advertisement can change people’s attitude or behavior minimally not significantly. 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Top Social Work Essay Topics Guide!

Top Social Work Essay Topics Guide! It's simple to point out an essay which has been written solely for the interest of it. The point is to be certain the decent results outweigh the bad. Only social work majors can get licensed social workers in the majority of states. Being part of a great educational institution can be rather costly. Social workers main stream work is to supply help to people locally. They should take reasonable steps to enhance such clients' ability to give informed consent. They are a part of the few who do care. Conclusion Social workers are necessary in the world these days, while it is in a medical care field or corrections it knowing the significance of the roles and the impacts it has on people. You may even add your own on the way. There is a good deal more change I would love to affect for more people, and on a bigger scale. In any event, you'll have a lot to chat about and why it is very important to continue the work you've done. Occasionally it's best to simply request assistance. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Social Work Essay Topics It can be useful to consider about the activity of essay writing as joining an academic conversation on a certain topic. The expression essay should be constructed on facts and arguments, or so the text to be relevant and reliable. In addition, this issue of your paper needs to be interesting not just for you but also for your audience. By writing a superb personal essay! Start by developing a few documents with a couple topics allow one to practice diverse fashions. It's a lot more challenging to appear inward and choose to change ourselves. Who Else Wants to Learn About Social Work Essay Topics? Various varieties of social work essays exist with the aim of dissecting two common categories. Your ideas wouldn't sound convinced and strong if they aren't supported by the factual data. Since there are lots of problems that can be tackled in a social work essay, we've narrowed down some topics that may easily be discussed on your very first try. Generally, social science research, a scientific research, applies similar research methodologies the exact same as different kinds of research like marketing research that's inherent with both quantitative strategy and qualitative strategy, clinical research that is emphasized on specific areas like pharmaceutical, chemical, health care research, etc. Utilized by international education is a significant portion of your emphasis ought to be on writing guide. A number of them actually take part in building design and accommodate future professionals to achieve that. Proposals to raise the professionalism among social workers have made a crisis in social work. Proposals to raise the period of training of social workers and elevate their status aren't the answer. A perfect way to study the best way to compose an exceptional analysis is constantly to just take practice examinations. Moreover, you may also go through the completely free social work essay samples readily available on our site to rate the superior work we deliver. Some say it's an issue of substance, but others point to the format and writing techniques. The total format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely are based on the instructions offered to you. Based on your methodology the outcomes of your work may differ. If you can't be strong for your customers, then you aren't likely to be in a position to give them with the support they require. If you're applying in the industry of social work, you're already unique. Group work is an essential part of life, and specifically, a vital part of social work practice.

Education and Main Stumbling Block free essay sample

As for me, my favorite motto is â€Å"You can do anything you want to do†¦ that is, if you are with God†. There’s a certain verse in the bible relating to this motto, though I forgot the specific numbers already. I hold on to this motto, every time I feel like I can’t do the thing that I need to do, or every time doubt comes in to me. This makes me stronger especially during hard times. This translates my thoughts from negative to the positive side. By thinking about this motto always, specially in times of trouble, I am able to surmount any difficulty that comes my way. This helps me think that in my battles in life, I am not alone. There is someone who is far greater than all of the difficulties that I am experiencing. And simply knowing that, just makes me believe that I can do it, whatever it is that I’m supposed to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Education and Main Stumbling Block or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we think, that we can do everything on our own, even without God’s help, we are just bound to nowhere, but failure. Believe me, you have to put your plans, your dreams and aspirations in God’s care so that you can be assured that everything will turn out just as it is supposed to be. Fear greatly affects our lives. As much as I hate to admit it, I observe that it’s the main stumbling block that is keeping us people from being successful in our lives. So, instead of letting fear dominate our emotions, we just have to believe that nothing is impossible with God. If it seems like impossible for us to do, there is someone greater than us who can and who knows how to make things turn out just fine. And I bet, you know who it is! Philosophy My teaching philosophy is rooted in my goal to effectively teach all my students and instill in them a love of learning. I want my students to understand that learning should take place not only in the confines of the classroom, but throughout their everyday lives. I strive to help them become life-long learners and to seize their own opportunities to gain knowledge. I am an enthusiastic educator who places a large emphasis on differentiation. Understanding that each child is unique and that students learn in different ways, I believe it is essential for educators to differentiate our lessons to better meet the needs of our students. This can include scaffolding, preparing different lessons for students, and adapting whole group lessons for diverse learners. I also support that building positive rapport with students is essential for trust to be gained and thus, learning to thrive. I continue to improve my own teaching by engaging in careful reflection. This allows me to think critically about what works and what doesnt. Then, I am able to adapt my own teaching to better meet the needs of my students. Additionally, because all students are different, they will respond differently to assessments, thus I believe in giving a multitude of assessments including: tests or quizzes, papers, projects, presentations, dioramas, and other assessments to gain a better understanding of what my students know. Entering this ever evolving field of education where new technologies are being implemented and innovative strategies are being discovered, I will continue to keep myself educated and constantly reading and learning about new ways that may meet the needs of my students even more effectively. My philosophy will continue to guide me throughout this noble profession.

Hamlet Essays (846 words) - Characters In Hamlet, Fiction

Hamlet The story of Hamlet comes from a long line of revenge tragedies in which a character attempts to avenge the murder of a family member. Just as revenge is present in literature, it is also present in today's society. It is always there, lurking in the darkness of the human mind, watching, waiting for an opportunity to lash out at the surrounding world. Shakespeare suggests in Hamlet that revenge is a debilitating force, and the pursuit of it can infect the most noble of all souls. Once tainted by this infectious disease, no weak minded individual can be cured of it. Revenge is an unavoidable power moving the mind closer towards destruction. In order for revenge to truly corrupt Hamlet, he had to be an innocent and noble character from the onset of the play. Without this innocence and respected status, Hamlet would have nothing to lose, revenge would have no affect on him because the evil would already exist. There has to be a shift from good to evil in order for Hamlet to be a tragedy, and it is the darkness of revenge that provides this shift. It is from Ophelia that a reader gets their description of Hamlet's character before it was corrupted. She reveals everything about Hamlet that would make him a noble man. It is in their first meeting in the play, that Ophelia states, "O, what a noble mind is here o'er-thrown! The courtier's, soldier's, scholar's, eye, tongue, sword; th' expectancy and rose of the fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form, th' observ'd of all observers" (III.I.142-146). First of all, she herself states that he has a noble mind. Then Ophelia comments on how he can relate to everyone in some small way. This ability makes Hamlet the pride of Denmark, and the most loved. He is also considered to be a model for all men, thus meaning that people admire him and look to him for guidance. One can base the entire notion of Hamlet's nobility on this one quote. What else does a person need in order to be considered noble? He is admired, he is loved, and he is a role model, thus Hamlet is noble. The nobility of Hamlet was corrupted by the power of revenge. Hamlet , although saddened by his father's death and the marriage of Claudius and Gertrude, was not consumed by it. These were in no way the sources of his diseased soul, rather it was the desire for murderous revenge that slowly turned his heart black. The deterioration of his righteous mind began when he first learned of his father's foul murder and and vows swift revenge. "Hold, hold, my heart; and you, my sinews, grow not instant old, but bear me stiffly up" (Shakespeare I.v.93-94). Hamlet not only vows revenge, but he hands his mind, soul, and everything he holds dear over to it. He is no longer loyal to his father, but to revenge alone. It is at this exact moment that Hamlet and all his actions become truly dark; revenge has begun to consume him. The destructive force that revenge possesses comes from its consummation. Once an individual stands in the light of revenge, there is no turning back; revenge is unavoidable. It is impossible to commit a crime or ponder the thought and not be affected by it in some way. Hamlet can try and justify his cause with the belief, "An eye for an eye," but it is no use. Murdering his uncle is not his decision nor his duty. There is no such thing as an appropriate sin, or"sinning elegantly". All sins are immoral no matter what the intention. Hamlet is too intent on the damning of Claudius' soul. "Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, and that his sould may be as damn'd and black as hell, whereto it goes" (Shakespeare III.iii. 93-95). Just because Hamlet's father was murdered does not mean that he has the right to murder Claudius, much less damn him in the process. It is Hamlet's decision to damn Claudius, that exposes the ultimate degredation and destruction that revenge has brought upon Hamlet's soul. Revenge is negative, but the affects that revenge produces can be far worse. In the case of Hamlet, the results were catastrophic. The first victim was the unsuspecting Polonius. The death of Polonius and young Hamlet's desire for insatiable need for revenge sparked a chain reaction that soon engulfed everything and everyone around the young prince.

The Different Types of Money in an Economy

The Different Types of Money in an Economy While it is true that all money in an economy serves three functions, not all money is created equal. Commodity Money Commodity money is money that would have value even if it were not being used as money. (This is usually referred to as having intrinsic value.) Many people cite gold as an example of commodity money since they assert that gold has intrinsic value aside from its monetary properties. While this is true to some degree; gold does, in fact, have a number of uses, its worth noting that the most often-cited uses of gold are for making money and jewelry rather than for making non-ornamental items. Commodity-Backed Money Commodity-backed money is a slight variation on commodity money. While commodity money uses the commodity itself as currency directly, commodity-backed money is money that can be exchanged on demand for a specific commodity. The gold standard is a good example of the use of commodity-backed money- under the gold standard, people were not literally carrying around gold as cash and trading gold directly for goods and services, but the system worked such that currency holders could trade in their currency for a specified amount of gold. Fiat Money Fiat money is money that has no intrinsic value but that has value as money because a government decreed that it has value for that purpose. While somewhat counterintuitive, a monetary system using fiat money is certainly feasible and is, in fact, used by most countries today. Fiat money is possible because the three functions of money a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value are fulfilled as long as all people in a society acknowledge that the fiat money is a valid form of currency. Commodity-Backed Money vs. Fiat Money Much political discussion centers around the issue of commodity (or, more precisely, commodity-backed) money versus fiat money, but, in reality, the distinction between the two isnt quite as large as people seem to think, for two reasons. First, one objection to fiat money is the lack of intrinsic value, and opponents of fiat money often claim that a system using fiat money is inherently fragile because fiat money doesnt have a non-money value. While this is a valid concern, one must then wonder how a monetary system backed by gold is significantly different. Given that only a small fraction of the worlds gold supply is used for non-ornamental properties, isnt it the case that gold has value mostly because people believe it has value, much like fiat money? Second, opponents of fiat money claim that the ability for a government to print money without having to back it up with a specific commodity is potentially dangerous. This is also a valid concern to some degree, but one that is not entirely prevented by a commodity-backed money system, since its certainly possible for the government to harvest more of the commodity in order to generate more money or to revalue the currency by changing its trade-in value.

The role of mean variance analysis in the area of portfolio management Essay

The role of mean variance analysis in the area of portfolio management - Essay Example It is therefore computed as the Variance of the returns: Var(R) = [R-E(R)]2 However, the importance of means and variances of assets are far more apparent in the construction and management of an investment portfolio. Essentially an investment portfolio is best understood simply as a combination of individual assets/investments that are held together by the investor at any point in time. But, the importance of risks and returns of individual assets is limited to the significance it has for the risk and return of the entire portfolio (Linter, 1965). It is how the portfolio performs that is the primary concern for the investor. Presumably, due to the additive property of means, the returns from the portfolio equal a simple weighted average of the returns on the individual securities that constitute the portfolio. We can calculate expected returns from a portfolio of investments as functions of probable returns from the portfolio given the probability distributional properties of the re turns or alternatively as weighted averages of expected returns of the individual returns. The weights on the expected returns for are simply the shares of wealth invested in each asset as a proportion of the total wealth invested on the portfolio (Markowitz, 1952). The variance of the portfolio however is less than the weighed average of the variances of the individual investments provided the returns to these investments are not independent, i.e., their correlation is not zero. Since the objective of creating a portfolio is to minimize risks through combining assets with correlated returns, the variance of the portfolio typically is smaller than the weighted average of the individual investment variances. The implication of this outcome is that risk can be lowered for any given return by diversifying the portfolio since the variance of the total portfolio includes additional covariance terms and more negatively related assets imply a smaller value for this term (Sharpe, 1964). For a portfolio with more than 2 assets, the portfolio risk is captured by the variance-covariance matrix of the returns of the portfolio. The investor’s problem is to maximize the expected returns from a portfolio for a given level of risk or alternatively minimizing the risk subject to a given expected portfolio return. This can be reformulated as a problem of choosing the weights on the individual assets to minimize the variance of the portfolio for a given expected return. The set of weights that ensure this comprises the efficient set. Theories of optimal portfolio selection are concerned with constructing the most optimal set of weights for individual assets that ensure maximal returns or minimize risk. Thus, the formulation is that of a constrained optimization problem where either the mean returns of the portfolio are the objective function and the variance serves as the constraint or vice-versa. Here in lies the importance of Mean-Variance analysis for portfolio managem ent. However, Mean-Variance analysis of portfolio management has the following drawbacks: Prudent investors may be concerned with more than just the mean and the variance of the distribution of returns. The mean and the variance are the first two moments of any distribution and if the returns of the portfolio follow a normal distribution, then it is fully characterized by just the first two mom

The role of mean variance analysis in the area of portfolio management Essay

The role of mean variance analysis in the area of portfolio management - Essay Example It is therefore computed as the Variance of the returns: Var(R) = [R-E(R)]2 However, the importance of means and variances of assets are far more apparent in the construction and management of an investment portfolio. Essentially an investment portfolio is best understood simply as a combination of individual assets/investments that are held together by the investor at any point in time. But, the importance of risks and returns of individual assets is limited to the significance it has for the risk and return of the entire portfolio (Linter, 1965). It is how the portfolio performs that is the primary concern for the investor. Presumably, due to the additive property of means, the returns from the portfolio equal a simple weighted average of the returns on the individual securities that constitute the portfolio. We can calculate expected returns from a portfolio of investments as functions of probable returns from the portfolio given the probability distributional properties of the re turns or alternatively as weighted averages of expected returns of the individual returns. The weights on the expected returns for are simply the shares of wealth invested in each asset as a proportion of the total wealth invested on the portfolio (Markowitz, 1952). The variance of the portfolio however is less than the weighed average of the variances of the individual investments provided the returns to these investments are not independent, i.e., their correlation is not zero. Since the objective of creating a portfolio is to minimize risks through combining assets with correlated returns, the variance of the portfolio typically is smaller than the weighted average of the individual investment variances. The implication of this outcome is that risk can be lowered for any given return by diversifying the portfolio since the variance of the total portfolio includes additional covariance terms and more negatively related assets imply a smaller value for this term (Sharpe, 1964). For a portfolio with more than 2 assets, the portfolio risk is captured by the variance-covariance matrix of the returns of the portfolio. The investor’s problem is to maximize the expected returns from a portfolio for a given level of risk or alternatively minimizing the risk subject to a given expected portfolio return. This can be reformulated as a problem of choosing the weights on the individual assets to minimize the variance of the portfolio for a given expected return. The set of weights that ensure this comprises the efficient set. Theories of optimal portfolio selection are concerned with constructing the most optimal set of weights for individual assets that ensure maximal returns or minimize risk. Thus, the formulation is that of a constrained optimization problem where either the mean returns of the portfolio are the objective function and the variance serves as the constraint or vice-versa. Here in lies the importance of Mean-Variance analysis for portfolio managem ent. However, Mean-Variance analysis of portfolio management has the following drawbacks: Prudent investors may be concerned with more than just the mean and the variance of the distribution of returns. The mean and the variance are the first two moments of any distribution and if the returns of the portfolio follow a normal distribution, then it is fully characterized by just the first two mom

Grievances and Arbitration Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Grievances and Arbitration - Article Example The author suggests that in case arbitration failed to reach a mutual understanding with teachers, there is a possibility to receive similar grievances from collective. Furthermore grievance on insufficient salaries can evoke a chain of bargaining. The main idea of the article is that in case grievance procedure fails there is a chance to settle a conflict with the help of arbitration. The perception of the grievance procedure by teachers as fair and just underlines both trusts to management and the board of education. Grievance procedures become widely-known and labor relations can be more transparent and violations of labor contracts can be settled through grievance or arbitration procedures. Grievance procedure is considered by Roger Prosise author as an option for justice. A violation of teachers’ contracts was filed to the educational board in order to reach a resolution. Mutual understanding through grievance procedure failed and the case was sent to arbitration. Furthermore alongside with Chapter 6 â€Å"Grievance and arbitration† from the book by Sloan, the article by Roger Prosise â€Å"Introduction to Grievance and Arbitration† expresses the main idea that grievance procedures underline democracy of the working process. Thus in the article, an emphasis is made on the fact that teachers’ expectations about sufficient salaries are reflected in the example of the grievance procedure, which was settled in arbitration. The grievance and arbitration processes discussed in the article by Roger Prosise deals with the insufficient salaries awarding for teachers with rich bilingual experience but short length of teaching experience. The author su cceeded and after grievance procedure and arbitration processes teachers got fair salaries for their teaching. Nevertheless, the conflict wasn’t easy to settle and only arbitration bore fruits and teachers got salaries they deserved.

Estimation of Northern Bobwhite Densities in South Texas

Estimation of Northern Bobwhite Densities in South Texas Principal Investigators Bart M. Ballard, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas AM University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363. Fidel Hernà ¡ndez, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas AM University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363 Leonard A. Brennan, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas AM University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) are a wide-ranging species and are commonly hunted throughout Texas. Their population has been declining since about 1880 and are decreasing in abundance in over 75% of their range in the United States (Leopold 1931, Errington and Hammerstrom 1936, Lehmann 1937, Guthery 2002). Texas has been seen as one of the remaining strong holds in North America (Rollins 2002) but recent evidence shows that populations are also declining within Texas (DeMaso et al. 2002). These declines have spurred an increase in research and management of the species and an improved understanding of the species (Guthery 2002). Declining numbers however can be difficult to understand because of their natural boom-bust population cycles and influence of weather on the population (Lehmann 1953, Keil 1976, Guthery et al. 1988, Bridges et al. 2001, Lusk et al. 2002). In order to properly manage quail within south Texas where there is large annual variation in precipitation an d temperatures local population trends are needed. Current hunting regulations are set at the state level where a liberal hunting framework (15 birds/day over 120 season; Brennan 2014) is assumed to have is little to no impact on the population (Guthery et al. 2004b). However, these state-wide regulations are not appropriate when managing at the fine scale where such a liberal harvest quota could negatively affect local populations (Roseberry and Klimstra 1984, Peterson 1999, Brennan et al. 2014). Bobwhites variable population cycles make it necessary for local land managers to set harvest limits based on local population trends (Brennan 2014). By setting sustainable harvest limits based on local population densities the likelihood of population crashes goes down and there is quicker recovery following drought conditions and natural population declines (Brennan 2014). Recent recommendations for harvest values were made by Brennan in 2014 for south Texas where there is extreme variability in precipitation and temperatures compared to other regions of their range. These recommendations are based on the assumption of good environmental conditions, a 20% harvest rate, and are density depended. It is also recommended to conduct fall surveys in late November-mid December when detection is highest and basing the harvest on pre-hunt population numbers to minimize the probability of local extinction (Guthery et al. 2000, Sands 2010). Estimating yearly and seasonal population densities can be difficult for many reasons including observer variability, local habitat variability and change between years, environmental factors such as weather, and species characteristics (Rusk et al 2007). Common methods include estimating abundance using indices or using distance sampling (Rusk et al. 2007). However, the accuracy of indices is sensitive to changes in detection (Anderson 2001, 2003, Rosenstock et al. 2002; Thompson 2002). During bobwhite population lows it becomes even more difficult to estimate population density due extremely low encounter rates (1 covey/7km; Kuvlesky et al. 1989). Distance sampling allows for varying detection probabilities while estimating densities and is a popular method that has been used successfully for bobwhites in many studies in south Texas (Brennan and Block 1986, Shupe et al 1987, Guthery 1988, Guthery and Shupe 1989, DeMaso et. al. 1992, Rusk et al 2007). Unlike census techniques that are based on the assumption that all individuals within the survey area are counted, distance sampling works under the assumption that more animals are missed the farther you get from a transect (Brennan and Block 1986). To calculate density within a survey area, the perpendicular distance from a transect to an animal is recorded and then used to calculate a probability density function (Burnham et al. 1980, Buckland 2004) from which the density throughout the study area can be estimated using Program Distance (Thomas et al. 2010). Assumptions of distance sampling which must be met include: 1) all animals on the transect are detected, 2) animals are detected at their original locations prior to any movement in response to the observer, and 3) distances are measured accurately (Buckland 1992). These assumptions can be difficult to meet in field condition but most issues with these assumptions can be addressed using proper survey design, post processing of the data, and statistical analysis. Assumption one can be relaxed if needed by incorporating a double observer design in which two counts are occurring simultaneously (Laake and Borchers 2004) or by applying an adjustment term. Assumption two can be violated if animals have the chance to respond to the surveyors by running, coming closer, or learning to hide (Buckland et al. 2001). Careful analysis of data can help determine if and how this assumption is violated and certain techniques can be implemented to account for animal responses such as truncation of data close to the line in cases were animals run (Fewster et al. 2008). Assumption three can be violated by untrained observers, lack of proper technology, or inaccurate estimates of cluster sizes if animals are clustered (Buckland et al 2001). Another assumption which can be violated includes independence between animal observations which can be an issue if surveys are done on roads or too close together (Thomas et al 2009). Careful survey design is crucial to accurately estimating population densities and local knowledge of habitat, densities, and environmental gradients help when designing surveys. Once densities are estimated for a region careful consideration and local knowledge is needed to make the proper recommendations for hunting regulations and habitat management. Given accurate densities, harvest can be optimized at the ranch or pasture levels while also decreasing the likelihood of local population extinction. OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study is to design a repeatable helicopter line transect survey for the King ranch study location which will be implemented over a three-year period from Sept 2018-December 2021. From this data fall bobwhite quail densities will be estimated using Program Distance from which management recommendations can be made. Specifically, our goals are; Develop a repeatable helicopter line-transect survey protocol for bobwhite quail Implement survey over three fall survey seasons Use Distance software to develop detection probability functions and estimate fall densities which can be used to aid in management and conservation decisions. METHODS Study Area The study area includes a 25,000 acre section of the King Ranch (King Ranch, Kingsville TX) located south west of Kingsville (Figure1). The study area is located in the South Texas Plains ecoregion and may include parts of the Gulf Prairie and Marshes ecoregion (Gould 1975) Within this region there is high variability in rainfall (Correl and Johnsonston 1979; Omernik 1987) causing local populations to exhibit strong boom-bust population cycles. Major plant communities present on the King Ranch include blue stem prairie (Schizachyrium scoparium), mesquite-granjeno thornbrush (Prosopis glandulosa- Celtis pallida), mesquite-bluestem savannah, oak-bluestem (Quercus virginiana, Quercus stellata) (McLendon 1991, Fulbright and Bryant 2002). Major land uses on the King Ranch include commercial hunting and cattle production (Schnupp et al 2013). Annual rainfall is on average 65.4 cm with monthly values ranging from 1.4-13cm (Williamson 1983). Figure 1. Divisions of the King Ranch (green), located in south Texas. Habitat includes but are not limited to shrub land, grasslands, mesquite-woodlands, oaklands, freshwater wetlands, and saltmarsh. Habitat is managed for cattle, white tail deer, and quail. Experimental Approach:       Transect design To estimate fall densities within the survey area we will first develop a three-year helicopter based, line-transect count survey. We will develop the transects in such a way that if desired, the surveys can continue past three years. Spatial layers will be made for the study area boundary and line transects in ArcGIS 10.3 (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA). Sample transects were placed parallel to each other leading north to south (Figure 2) and further stratification will be done using post processing techniques if desired. Transects were places at a distance of 400 meters from each other with a random starting location and giving a survey coverage of 50 percent. Given this design we have 30 transects of 8 km in length and a total survey length of 240 km (Figure 2). Figure 2. Sample study area with transects (n=30) with survey zones of 100m to each side of the transect. Landcover includes woodland/shrublands (dark green), grasslands (light green), agriculture (light brown), wetlands (blue) and urban (red). Given previous encounter rates of 1 covey/0.95km observed during a comparable study on another section of the King Ranch (Rusk et al. 2007), this design would yield an estimated 250 observations. However, encounter rates have been reported to be much lower during population lows; Rusk 2007 documented as low as 1 covey/7.38 km while walking transects in a low year verses 1 covey/ 1.96 km in an abundant year. Given flying transects gives roughly twice the number of detections per km, we will assume a helicopter flight on a low population year would give an encounter rate of  ¼ km and 60 observations. To make sure that this transect design will provide a 25% or less Coefficient of Variation for population density estimates we can plug use the equation (Buckland 1993): L= Where L= total line length needed, = the coefficient of variation for population density estimate, and L0/n0 = encounter rate, or the number of quail detected per km of transect. The value b is typically between 1.5-3 (Burnham 1980) and it is most frequently assumed that b=3 (Buckland 1993). Given this equation, under an assumed encounter rate of 1 covey/.95 km and a 25% CV the minimum total transect length is: L= However, when the encounter rate is dropped to 1 covey/4 km during a population low, the needed length becomes: L= By conducting more surveys than is needed to achieve a 25% CV there is less of a chance that during a dry year we will not be able to estimate density because of lack of encounters. After year one we will re-evaluate transect design by incorporating the first years encounter rate to help determine transect lengths for years two and three (Buckland 1993). Field Surveys Surveys will take place in the first week of October to give enough time to provide updated recommendation for harvest quotas before the onset of quail regular season on October 29th (TPWD, Outdoor Annual). October 1st of each year a mock survey will be done in which tools are calibrated and extra surveyor training done if need following protocols similar to Schnupp et al. (2013). This test flight will occur along a 3 km transect with 16 targets (Otto and Pollock 1990, Shnupp et al. 2013). Each side of the transect will have 8 targets (dove decoys suspended at 1.2m) distributed randomly between 10-70m at 10m intervals from the line and spaced 300m apart along the transect (Schnupp et al.). This will help reduce potential errors counts due to equipment malfunction and surveyor error. The full survey will begin the day after the mock survey and all transects will be surveyed once per year. If detections for an entire survey are below 80 then a second survey will be done. Surveys will take place in the first 3 and last three hours of day light when possible and the start location will vary each survey. From the start location, every other transect will be sampled to reduce the probability of over counting and then returning to skipped transmitters as soon as possible. We will use a four person helicopter such as the Robinson R-44 (Robinson Helicopter Company, Torrance, California) or similar models equipped with a parallel swathing lightbar for navigation (2005; Raven RGL 600, Raven Industries, Sioux Falls, South Dakota). Surveys will be conducted at approximately 48 km/hour and at a height of 18 m (Shupe et al. 1987, Rusk 2007) One observer will be facing forward counting coveys directly on the line and two rear-facing observers counting quail which flush on the s ides or behind the helicopter. When a covey is spotted, the helicopter will hover briefly to allow observer to use the range finder and count the number of quail in the covey. The forward facing technician in addition to counting coveys will help navigate to the transects, and will start and stop the survey recordings (Schnupp 2013). The two rear observers will collect data as well as enter data for all surveyors. Covey counts and covey size will be recorded for 100 meters to each side of the helicopter using laser electronic range finders, differential global positioning systems, personal tablet computers, and keypads (Schnupp et al. 2013). Tablets will be installed with ArcPad (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA), and connected to the laser range finders with sub meter accuracy. The differential global positioning system will collect 5 points/second to track the flight path. Electronic range finders will be synced to tablets using blue tooth and will measure distance to covey, compass bearing, angle of inclination and horizontal offset of covey from the helicopter for each covey. Key pads were also used to record sizes of coveys. Raw survey information is then imported into ArcMap 10.3 for data processing and then imported to Program Distance. Distance Analysis Using distance survey data collected over three years we will calculate densities and variance estimates in Program Distance 7.0 similar to Rusk et al 2007. Program Distance calculates estimated densities and variances as s) Where is density, n is the number of coveys detected, is the effective half-band width, cv is the coefficient of variation, L is the length of transects, and E(s) is average covey size. Effective half widths with be calculated in distance by fitting detection functions to histograms of distances and covey counts. To improve model fit, 5% of the right hand data will be truncated (Buckland et al. 2001; Shnupp 2013) and data will be evaluated visually for any signs of violation of the basic assumptions. We will consider a variety of detection functions (uniform, half-normal, and hazard-rate with several series adjustments) and choose the best fitting model using Akaikes Information Criterion values (AICc) and chi-square analysis (Buckland 2001; Shnupp 2013). We will then develop a global detection function for each year to estimate fall densities and use confidence intervals and coefficient of variation reported from distance. If stratification by pasture is desired and there are enough observations to do so, then detection functions will be built at the pasture level otherwise a global detection function will be applied to each pasture. A coefficient of variation of less than 20% is recommended for bobwhite density estimates (Guthery 1988) but we will consider a coefficient of variation of 25% acceptable. EXPECTED RESULTS AND BENEFITS From these three fall bobwhite quail surveys, we will be able to report yearly bobwhite density estimates and begin to understand local population trends. Once funding is approved, exact methods will be refined using actual ranch and pasture boundaries and habitat gradients. Survey design will be reviewed by quail researchers at the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute to ensure proper design. Yearly encounter rates, detection functions, estimated population density, and recommendations for harvest rates will be provided in annual reports. A final report will be submitted in the form of a dissertation chapter within one year after the completion of the last fall survey. This chapter will summarize yearly results as well as trends observed throughout the study region and will include recommendations for sustainable harvest limits. Research results may be presented at professional meetings and will include one or more King ranch employees as authors and King Ranch will be acknowledged as the primary funding contributor. Project deliverables include: P.h.D dissertation chapter and corresponding scientific publication Scientific presentations Spreadsheets of density estimates and recommended harvest rates ENDANGERED SPECIES CONSIDERATIONS Not applicable to the proposed project. ETHICAL USE OF ANIMALS Animal and Care Use form is not required PERSONNEL This study will be a cooperative project between the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute (CKWRI) and the King Ranch. Drs. Bart M. Ballard, Fidel Hernandez, and Leonard A. Brennan will be primary investigators. This project will include one P.h.D. student who will act as project coordinator and field supervisor. The graduate student hired will also be responsible for hiring part-time student technicians to aid in surveys. The student hired will conduct fall densities surveys on the King Ranch as a partial fulfillment of P.h.D contract and will also be conducting other quail research in assistance of other projects. SCHEDULE 2018-2019 Activity Jan-April: Await funding April-May: Search for P.h.D candidate June-Sept:Hire student, coordinate field surveys and hire part-time surveyors for Survey week October: Fly surveys and estimate fall densities November: Further data analysis and reporting 2019-2020 Activity Aug-Sept: Refine transects/protocol if needed, hire technicians for Survey week October:Fly surveys and estimate fall densities November: Further data analysis and reporting 2020-2021 Activity Aug-Nov:Same schedule as above December: Provide final analysis and Report BUDGET Equipment Estimates: 2 Electronic distance estimators ($18,000 each) =36,000 2 Tablets w/accessories: = $1,600 2 Keypads: $100 1Raven Cruiser: $2,000 Rounded Estimate: $40,000 Annual Expenses: -P.h.D student stipend: $1500 with fringe benefits at .7% of salary and medical (up to 250$/month) = $22,260/year -2 Short term technicians: 100$/day during fall surveys. Total=2 technicians*$100*7 days a year= 1400/year -Helicopter time: 500$/hr *estimated 10 hrs per year= $5,000/year -Driving costs: $0.50/mi+ gas. Exact distance to site in unknown, preliminary estimate= $10,000/year Summary of Annual Cost: 2018-2019: $78,660 2019-2020: $38,660 2020-2021: $38,660 LITERATURE CITED Anderson, D. R. 2001. The need to get the basics right in wildlife à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ eld studies. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29:1294-1297. Anderson, D. R. 2003. Response to Engeman: index values rarely constitute reliable information. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:288-291. Brennan, L. A., and W. M. Block. 1986. Line transect estimates of mountain quail density. Journal of Wildlife Management 50:373 Brennan, L.A., F. Hernandez, E.D. Grahmann, F. C. Bryant, M.J. Schnupp, D.S. Delaney, and R. Howard. 2014. Quail Harvest Guidelines for South Texas: Concepts, Philosophy, and Applications; Wildife Technical Publication No. 3 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas AM University-Kingsville. Bridges, A. S., M. J. Peterson, N. J. Silvy, F. E. Smeins, and X. B. Wu. 2001. Differential influence of weather on regional quail abundance in Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 65:10-18. Buckland, S. T. 1992. Fitting density functions using polynomials. Applied Statistics. 41:63. Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, J. L. Laake, D. L. Borchers, and L. Thomas. 2001. Introduction to distance sampling estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, J. L. Laake, D. L. Borchers, and L. Thomas. 2004. Advanced distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. Burnham, K. P., D. R. Anderson, and J. L. Laake. 1980. Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife Monographs 72. Correll, D. S., and M. C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of vascular plants of Texas. The University of Texas Printing Division, Austin, Texas, USA. DeMaso, S. J., F. S. Guthery, G. S. Spears, and S. M. Rice. 1992. Morning covey calls as an index of northern bobwhite density. Wildlife Society Bulletin 20:94-101. DeMaso, S. J., M. J. Peterson, J. R. Purvis, N. J. Silvy, and J. L. Cooke. 2002. A comparison of two quail abundance indices and their relationship to quail harvest in Texas. Proceedings of the National Quail Symposium 5:206-212. Errington, P. L., and F. N. Hammerstrom, Jr. 1936. The northern bob-whites winter territory. Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts Research Bulletin 201:305-443. Fewster, R.M., Southwell, C., Borchers, D.L., Buckland, S.T. Pople, A.R. 2008. The influence of animal mobility on the assumption of uniform distance in aerial line transect surveys. Wildlife Research 35:275-288. Fulbright, T. E., and F. C. Bryant. 2002. The last great habitat. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Special Publication No. 1, Kingsville, Texas, USA Guthery, F. S. 1988. Line transect sampling of bobwhite density of rangeland: evaluation and recommendations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 16:193-203. Guthery, F. S., N. E. Koerth, and D. S. Smith. 1988. Reproduction of northern bobwhites in semiarid environments. Journal of Wildlife Management 52:144-149. Guthery, F. S., and T. E. Shupe. 1989. Line transect vs. capture-removal estimates of bobwhite density. Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Guthery, F. S., M. J. Peterson, and R. R. George. 2000. Viability of northern bobwhite populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:646à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢662. Sands 2010 Guthery, F. S. 2002. The technology of bobwhite management: the theory behind the practice. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA Guthery, F. S. 2002. The technology of bobwhite management: the theory behind the practice. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. Guthery et al. 2004b Guthery, F. S., M. J. Peterson, J. J. Lusk, M. J. Rabe, S. J. DeMaso, M. Sams, R. D. Applegate, and T. V. Dailey. 2004. Multi-state analysis of fixed, liberal regulations in quail harvest management. Journal of Wildlife Management 68:1104-1113 Hernà ¡ndez, F., F. S. Guthery, and W. P. Kuvlesky. 2002a. The legacy of bobwhite research in south Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:1-18. Kiel, W. H. 1976. Bobwhite quail population characteristics and management implications in south Texas. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 41:407-20. Kuvlesky, W.P., B.H. Koerth,andN.J.Silvy.1989.Problemsofestimating northern bobwhite populations at low density. Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeast Association of FishandWildlifeAgencies43:260-267. Laake, J.L. and Borchers, D.L. 2004. Methods for incomplete detection at distance zero. Advanced Distance Sampling (eds S.T. Buckland, D.R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, J.L. Laake, D.L. Borchers and L.Thomas). pp. 108-189. Oxford University Press Oxford. Lehmann, V. W. 1937. Increase quail by improving their habitat. Texas Game, Fish, and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USA. Lehmann, V. W. 1953. Bobwhite population fluctuations with vitamin a. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference. 18:199-246 Leopold, A. 1931. Report on a game survey of the north central states. Democrat Printing Company, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Lusk, J. J., F. S. Guthery, R. R. George, M. J. Peterson, and S. J. DeMaso. 2002. Relative abundance of bobwhites in relation to weather and landuse. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:1040-1051. McLendon, T. 1991. Preliminary description of the vegetation of south Texas exclusive of coastal saline zones. Texas Journal of Science 43: 13-32. Otto, M. C., and K. H. Pollock. 1990. Size bias in line transect sampling: a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ eld test. Biometrics 46:239-245. Peterson, M. J. 1999. Quail harvest management in Texas: a rational approach. Pages 124-133 in K. A. Cearly, editor. Preserving Texas Quail Hunting Heritage into the 21st Century. Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas AM University, College Station, USA. Rollins, D. 2002. Sustaining the quail wave in the southern great plains. Proceedings of the National Quail Symposium 5:48-56. Roseberry, J. L., and W. D. Klimstra. 1984. Population Ecology of the Bobwhite. Southern Illinois University Press. Rosenstock, S. S., D. R. Anderson, K. M. Giesen, T. Leukering, and M. F. Carter. 2002. Landbird counting techniques: current practices and an alternative. Auk 119:46-53. Rusk, J.P., F. Hernandez, J.A. Arredondo, F. Hernandez, F.C. Bryant, D.G.Hewitt, E.J. Redeker, L.A Brennan, R.L. Bingham. 2007. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71:4(1336-1343). Shupe, T. E., F. S. Guthery, and S. L. Beasom. 1987. Use of helicopters to survey northern bobwhite populations on rangeland. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15:458-462. Thomas, L., S. T. Buckland, E. A. Rexstad, J. L. Laake, S. Strindberg, S. L. Hedley, J. R. B. Bishop, T. A. Marques, and K. P. Burnham. 2010. Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:5-14. Thompson, W. L. 2002. Towards reliable bird surveys: accounting for individuals present but not detected. The Auk 119:18-25. Williamson, D. L. 1983. Soil survey of Brooks County, Texas. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., USA.   Ã‚  

Satan :: personal Narrative Religious Essays

Satan On a winter’s evening in 1967, I drove crosstown in San Francisco to hear Anton Szandor LaVey lecture at an open meeting of the Sexual Freedom League. I was attracted by newspaper articles describing him as â€Å"the Black Pope† of a Satanic church in which baptism, wedding, and funeral ceremonies were dedicated to the Devil. I was a free-lance magazine writer, and I felt there might he a story in LaVey and his contemporary pagans; for the Devil has always made â€Å"good copy,† as they say on the city desk It was not the practice of the black arts itself that I considered to he the story, because that is nothing new in the world. There were Devil-worshiping sects and voodoo cults before there were Christians. In eighteenth-century England a Hell-Fire Club, with connections to the American colonies through Benjamin Franklin, gained some brief notoriety. During the early part of the twentieth century, the press publicized Aleister Crowley as the â€Å"wickedest man in the world.† And there were hints in the 1920s and ‘30s of a â€Å"black order† in Germany. To this seemingly old story LaVey and his organization of contemporary Faustians offered two strikingly new chapters. First, they blasphemously represented themselves as a â€Å"church,† a term previously confined to branches of Christianity, instead of the traditional coven of Satanism and witchcraft lore. Second. they practiced their black magic openly instead of underground. Rather than arrange a preliminary interview with LaVey for discussion of his heretical innovations, my usual first step in research, I decided to watch and listen to him as an unidentified member of an audience. He was described in some newspapers as a former circus and carnival lion tamer and trickster now representing himself as the Devil’s representative on earth, and I wanted to determine first whether he was a true Satanist, a prankster, or a quack. I had already met people in the limelight of the occult business; in fact, Jeane Dixon was my landlady and I had a chance to write about her before Ruth Montgomery did. But I considered all the occultists phonies, hypocrites, or quacks, and I would never spend five minutes writing about their various forms of hocus-pocus. All the occultists I had met or heard of were white-lighters: alleged seers, prophesiers, and witches wrapping their supposedly mystic powers around God-based, spiritual communication. LaVey, seeming to laugh at them if not spit on them in con-tempt, emerged from between the lines of newspaper stories as a black magician basing his work on the dark side of nature and the carnal side of humanity.

The East Indian Presence

The last name Thompson Is one of Scottish decent. But the person who owns the name has absolutely nothing to do with the Scottish, This Is a common scenario for the many that Inhabit the small Island of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad, where the population of â€Å"just over a million people,† as it is colloquially recited, is a large mosaic of different ethnicities from different parts of the world, and immigrants from each ethnicity came many different reasons.These reasons, over time, have come to include slavery, indentured servitude, slave ownership, better lives, private businesses, and eventually leisure. The majority of the Trinitarian population Is comprised of people from East Indian parentage. L, along with my maternal side of the family fall into this category. East India refers to the country on the Asian continent where many know the natives for exotic spices, colorful tapestries, and art crafted by hand that creates a sense of the far and mystical land of India ma ny imagine as unreachable.But in the United States they are reachable, for almost 100 ears now, and today we share the America we all love with them as friends, colleagues, business partners, and neighbors. But It was not so In the beginning. East Indians came to the united States to create a foothold In the American dream of all. Instead of welcomes, though, they were met with the prejudices of the â€Å"white men† that rule the land with their unjust and racial hands. They were accused of being lethargic and detrimental to the country despite their contributions to the economy of the Pacific Coast.The East Indians began their movement out of India by first landing In British Columbia. The Immigrants came from many different areas of India such as Bengal, Gujarat, and the united Provinces. The propaganda pushed by Canadian employers created the impression of opportunity and success in working on the railroads. L The treatment the Indians received in British Columbia, however , was less than suitable for a hardworking employee. Many arrived there with verbal contracts for work that were never acknowledged, and living conditions unsuitable for the severe winters they encountered.From there, around 1907, they found their way down to the Pacific Coast of the united States In search of friendlier employers and better wages and weather. 2 They settled largely in Bellingham, Washington, and parts of Oregon, working in lumber mills. In these areas, it was easy for Indians to feel more comfortable at work since mill owners were indifferent to their turbans or their skin color. 3 Soon, there were around 1,072 Indian immigrants in the United States. 4 When eventually Euro-Americans caught on to how Indians may be endangering their Jobs, hundreds of them complained to the mill owners about being replaced and workers.As a result of these actions, Euro-Americans were able to convince employers that it was dangerous and unpredictable to have the â€Å"rag-heads,† as they called them, working for them and taking Jobs away from white workers. One can see the hypocrisy in the situation if one revisits the lethargic and volatile nature of these Euro-Americans themselves. In response to these injustices, the East Indians were forced to move further south into California. 5 As Indians entered California, in about 1907, their numbers again increased to around 1,782.Many moved to the port of San Francisco and the small city of Chic, Just north of San Francisco, because of the favorable treatment they received. Many set to work with the West Pacific Railway where eventually there were as many as 2,000 Indians working on the Pacific Railroad. As more time went by, less Indians worked the railroads after 1908 but they completed the construction of many bridges, tunnels, and railroad section work between 1907 and 1909. The Indians then turned their attention to agriculture in 1910, during Californians agriculture boom.This provided many Jobs for the Indians. 6 But in another unjust response to their hard work, Indians were now faced with opposition by different organizations. One of the organizations that proved determined to keep out Indians was the Asiatic Exclusion League. The Asiatic Exclusion League used their influential status to write Congress on several occasions about the â€Å"detrimental† effect that they believed Indians had on the American people. These â€Å"detrimental† affects included everything from industrial effects to moral effects.The Asiatic Exclusion League worked to its fullest to inhibit success for the â€Å"Asiatic† (Asiatic also included the Japanese, Korean, and Filipino people of Eastern Asia) as much as possible in order to ensure their removal and deportation if possible. In 1910, the Asiatic Exclusion League further propelled the removal of Indians by describing the way they live as a disregard for â€Å"the decencies of life†. 7 In the later months of 1910, the num ber of Indians admitted into the United States began to decrease and by June 1910, some were turned away and had to find ways around the main ports to get into the country.Indians tried alternate routes through Hawaii, Mexico, and even hiding until they could go unnoticed with those who were tot deported. 8 When one thinks about what the â€Å"American Dream† means, is what the Indians experienced what comes to mind? For most it is not so difficult. Many may see a definite struggle, until a great opportunity presents itself that can set one's destiny on the perfect path that one can be successful and pass that success onto further generations.But what Indians endured in coming to the United States, seems to be more difficult than one usually anticipates in trying to live out the â€Å"American Dream. † What can be said for the Indians and their so-called â€Å"American experience,† is that hey accomplished what they needed to in order to push past all the injust ices encountered and move forward. But I cannot say that they were able to enjoy the results of all their efforts. Nearly 100 years later, not many are aware of either their efforts on the Pacific railroads or the hardships they endured before and after that time in the United States.While many other ethnicities are able to look back at history books and read about their ancestors' endeavors and contributions to the United States, those of East Indian decent are unable to do so as easily. East Indian he efforts of the other Asiatic who came in search of the same work. Only they are outwardly credited, while the East Indian presence in United States history seems almost nonexistent. However, as one walks down the diverse and multicultural street of Devon Avenue, one encounters many different cultures and peoples.But one culture in particular that is prominent and well-known is the section known as â€Å"Little India. † This section is filled with many different places that one might hope to only see in India itself. Shops that sell saris, the traditional clothing worn by women, and salary zamia, the rotational clothing worn by men, restaurants that advertise their many Indian foods, and even Jewelry stores with the most precious and elaborate Indian gold. These shops line the avenue in the most ornate way. This section of Devon Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, is a good example of the presence and story of the East Indian peoples. Devon Avenue is home to many different cultures and ethnicities on several streets, but where the Indians mostly inhabit is on and around Mohammed All Zinnia Way and Mahatma Gandhi Mark. This section is also known as â€Å"Little India†. Here one sees an entirely new environment, one that completely envelopes the culture, lives, and surroundings of native India. I have been to India before and was surprised to feel as though I had returned. Everything looked real and authentic. As I looked around I expected to see Indians wh o may look and dress as though influenced by the American society, but this was quite the contrary.There were men, women, and children walking around dressed as if they Just arrived from India. Women wear brightly colored saris, ones that, according to Mrs†¦ Patella, a woman I stopped outside one of the sari-selling stores, â€Å"†¦ Re exactly, if not better than those in India. And the jewelry is some of the most wonderful there is. â€Å"10 Redcap, author of Ethnic Routes to Becoming an American: Indian Immigrants and the Cultures of Citizenship describes the exact same scene in the sass's when she first comes to America.There are, surprisingly, also many video stores that proclaim their Plywood contents and vociferously advertise with â€Å"film tunes† and, as Redcap illustrates, â€Å"window-hung Indian movie posters, featuring red-lipped, voluptuous women leaning against bare- cheated, brooding men in skin tight leather pants. 11 One man, Visual Ramparts, we nt so far as to say that â€Å"Devon is like an India away from India†¦ When my mother misses India (my father) takes her here and lets her spend the day, then she feels better. â€Å"12 All this and more contributes to the Indian story here in America.The story of the Indian peoples is an arduous one. They had to fight for a long time so that America could hear their voices. And when eventually they did, the Indians could feel more comfortable and accepted in their surroundings. Because they were now comfortable and more of them had better reasons to stay and bring heir families, in 1985 they accounted for more than 500,000 within the United States population. 13 Many of the immigrants settled in urban areas like New York , Miami, Anaheim, Washington D. C. , Houston, San Francisco, and of course Chicago. 4 With the settlement of these immigrants in these areas, they created sections with great diversity which attracted many other ethnicities, or encouraged them to create sec tions for themselves. But over time, some of these cities' diversity has dwindled diverse neighborhoods in the country such as Brooklyn and Queens in New York and Rogers Park in Chicago. 5 And in these communities, Indians play a significant part. These communities have helped make their presence known to the American people, because now there are people who are willing to speak out and educate the American people about their culture, lifestyle, and history.In the world today, people want to know more about them and are genuinely interested because of the diversity of the culture. As Helsel so puts it, â€Å"In the early sass's one could count on his or her fingers the number of articles and books about Asian Indians†¦. By 2003, the number had increased to more than 300. 16 Therefore, the evidence presented clearly supports and enhances the story of the Indian ethnicity making it more interesting and fascinating to others. It creates a will to understand their culture among ot hers from different backgrounds, especially when one exposes themselves to an environment like Devon Avenue.It sparks curiosity as to where these people came from, what their customs are, and what are the foreign things seen in the shop windows of Devon. When the East Indians came to the United States, looking for the American Dream, they found close to none of it. Though as time went on, some of hose who were not deported in 1910, found ways of living in hiding while working at the same time. And quite some time after that, they began to find work more easily in the United States. While still being part of a group plagued by prejudice for a long time, many soon came to accept them and their culture. 7 Many decided to move to other states that offered a lot of opportunity like New York, New Jersey, and Illinois. These places offered many Job opportunities like factories and other industrial work. New York was also a place where they could settle and await the arrival of their Emily who might immigrate later. In these places, Indians established small communities where they could all find comfort in one another. Soon these communities became known as â€Å"Little Indians,† like on Devon Avenue. 8 Today, there are East Indians in all fifty states. But the most populated are still New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Texas, Florida, and of course, California where it all began. 19 Today, the East Indian presence in the United States is quite noticeable, but their presence is not enough to say that they have truly influenced the American fabric or the essence of America. They are here, and many know of them, but they and their culture are still seen as significantly different from what many know the average American culture to be.In closing, East Indians have made it into the American society and today fit in very well. They live alongside us everyday in workplaces, schools, and businesses. But as the presented evidence supports, this was not an easy goal to ach ieve. East Indians do not get the credit they deserve for their role in the construction of modern America and their part in United States history. History reedits many other ethnicities that worked beside East Indians on the railroads with its construction and omit the existence of the East Indian presence.This creates the illusion that East Indians are part of the groups of immigrants that moved to the United States in fairly modern times and did not contribute to making America what it is today. The goal of history is to educate others about different peoples and who they influence different times and places. This courtesy is not shown to those of the East Indian parentage in the United States history, although they, much like many muggy into the modern United States. They do not deal with a lot of prejudice, and many find their culture interesting and exotic.If anything, many more Americans are more interested in knowing about their culture and practices rather than bashing or b elittling it. In the America we live in today, a lot in the culture is commonplace and Americans are always trying to find something new and attractive to create a hybrid of to fit into the American lifestyle. One can see an example of this back in the sass's with the artist Gwen Stefan. She marketed her style with an East Indian flare wearing he decorative â€Å"bind'† on her forehead and sporting henna tattoos on her body.